For Glen & Pam Hopkinson, their children, and all their posterity — through Glen
Augustine Bearse is an ancestor of that posterity on Glen’s Hamblin line, not on Pam’s. He is Todd Hopkinson’s 9th great-grandfather, and Glen’s 8th. The record is a young man on a 1638 passenger list and a Barnstable church member, freeman, and landholder, whose wife the church book does not name. The legend — Romany blood, and a wife called Mary Little Dove Hyanno — was written down in manuscripts of 1933 and 1935. It is not seventeenth-century evidence. Hyano and Hyanno are spellings of that claim. This page does not mix the two.
Read across. The left column is what the seventeenth-century lists and the Barnstable record support. The right column is what the 1933–35 manuscripts claim. A sentence never belongs in both.
Augustin Bearce, age 20, on the passenger list of the Confidence of London, 200 tons, under a Lord Treasurer’s warrant of 11 April 1638. Compilers date the sailing from Southampton on 24 April. The residence column is blank. Southampton is the port, not a proved birthplace.1
A full-blood Romany, of a family whose name was really Be Arce, deported because he was a Gypsy, and sent on as a criminal. None of that is in the passenger list. Augustine is an ordinary English Christian name. Austin is the short form the town used.8
He had a wife by the time children were born. She was admitted to the Barnstable church on 7 August 1650, and the entry does not name her. Later compilers often supply Mary and leave the surname blank. That given name is not the 1650 line.3
Mary Little Dove Hyanno, or Hyano, born about 1625, daughter of John Hyanno, a Mattachee sagamore, and granddaughter of the sachem Iyannough. Married in the summer of 1639 at the Mattachee village, by Indian rites, not by the English minister.7
He came to Barnstable with the first company, 1639, in the compiled account. Austin Berce, as the church book is transcribed, joined on 29 April 1643, the first name on the list of those who joined after the move from Scituate. Proposed freeman 3 June 1652. Admitted 3 May 1653. Grand juror in 1653 and 1662. Surveyor of highways in 1674. The records call him Goodman.4
The manuscripts have him joining the Puritan church in 1650 for the protection it gave, the same year as his wife, and they have Plymouth unwilling to marry a Gypsy to anyone. The church date in the record is 1643, not 1650, and a Goodman who sat on the grand jury was not being hidden as a transported prisoner.
A twelve-acre rocky houselot in the westerly part of the East Parish, bounded by John Crocker, the meadow, Isaac Robinson, and the woods; meadow; two thatch islands called Bearse’s Islands; acres in the Calves Pasture and at Shoal Pond; thirty acres at the Indian Pond lot by the Herring River. A road from the house toward Hyannis came to be called Bearse’s Way. These are town-grant descriptions in the compiled genealogy, not a sachem’s verbal gift.5
Old Highyannough gave the couple some of the best land in Barnstable, by word, and the family held it for three generations without a deed. The sachem of the 1621 English visit was long dead by 1639, if the usual account of his death is right. A missing deed is not the same as a gift.9
A shipping list, a church book, freeman and jury entries, and the Barnstable land descriptions copied by Otis and by Newcomb. No marriage record, no death record, and no settlement of his estate have been found. He is still in the town’s life in the 1670s. Compiled dates of death range from the mid-1680s to before 1697.6
Two manuscripts Franklyn Ele-watum Bearce placed with the Library of Congress, 1933 and 1935. They say a diary of Zerviah Newcomb Bearse, called A True Chronicle of the Bearse Family, written from personal knowledge, proves the Indian wife. No agency Jacobus asked had that diary, or a copy of it.8
Spellings in the records move: Bearse, Bearce, Bearss, Berce; Austin, Augustin, Augustine. This page uses Bearse and Augustine except when it is quoting a list. Hyannis is the town’s name. Hyanno and Hyano belong to the legend.
Only what the lists and the town support. The Romany story, the Hyanno marriage, and the unread diary are not cards here. They have their own track, below, labeled as manuscripts of 1933–35.
The list is of passengers intended for New England in the Confidence of London, of 200 tons, under the Lord Treasurer’s warrant of this day. One transcription names the master as John Jobson. Other compilers say John Gibson. This page does not pick a master.1
That is the spelling on the transcribed list. Residence and occupation are blank. Age 20 puts a birth about 1618. It does not put that birth in Southampton, Longstock, or Shiplake. Those are later guesses, and they disagree.2
Compilers send the ship out of Southampton on this day. The warrant is the 11th. There is no log here of the track, and no picture of this ship.1
John Lothrop’s church had moved from Scituate to the cape. The compiled account puts Augustine in that company. He is not on a Barnstable deed of that year in anything opened for this page.4
A first child is recorded about 1640 in the compiled family, so a marriage had happened. The wife’s name is not the thing the record gives.3
Transcribed as Austin Berce. His is the first name of those who joined after the removal. The manuscripts’ claim that he joined in 1650 does not match this date.4
In the compiled Barnstable record. She is the child this family descends through. She married John Hamblen in August 1667. John is her husband, not a step in the descent.10
Unnamed. This is the entry people sometimes turn into Mary. It is not a maiden name, and it is not Hyanno.3
Of Plymouth Colony. Admission came the next May, not this day.4
The 3rd of May following. He was a grand juror the same year, and again in 1662.4
Twelve rocky acres in the westerly part of the East Parish, plus meadow, thatch islands, Calves Pasture, Shoal Pond, and the Indian Pond lot. The descriptions are from the town genealogies. They read as grants and bounds, with English neighbors on the lines.5
Newcomb says a son Joseph was born on a Sunday and carried two miles to be baptized the same day. It is a picture of a careful church member. It was not re-read in Lothrop’s original for this page.6
A town job. It sits beside the juries. The legend needs him to be an outsider the town would not marry. The offices are the other way around.4
Otis could not find a marriage record, a death, or a settlement of the estate. Compiled accounts leave him living in 1686 and gone before 1697. This page stops at “death not found.”6
This is not a second seventeenth century. It is a story filed three hundred years later. Read it as a claim. The dashed line is deliberate.
The name was Be Arce. He was of the Romany, caught on English ground, and deported on the Confidence. Some tellings add the Heron or Herne tribe, and a landing at Salem. The list does not say any of this.8
No Puritan would marry him, so he married Mary Little Dove Hyanno under Indian rites at the Mattachee village. Her father is John Hyanno. Her grandfather is the sachem, spelled Highyannough, Ihyannough, or Iyannough. Her mother, in some versions, is a daughter of the sachem at Gay Head. None of those parents is in a record this page trusts.7
The grandfather gave them the best land, by word, held three generations with no paper. The East Parish bounds in the town genealogy are a different kind of sentence: Crocker, Robinson, the meadow, the woods.5
Franklyn Ele-watum Bearce, also spelled Bearse. The library’s titles, as Jacobus was told: “Who Our Forefathers Really Were,” 1933, and “From out of the past,” 1935. Both say Austin Bearse married Mary Hyanno, daughter of John Hyanno. Bearce described himself as a Schaghticoke and Eastern Indian and was pursuing recognition. The library said it had no way to test the statements.7
A short article on Jacob Hamblin in the Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine repeated the claim as fact. That is a likely door into many family group sheets. The magazine was not re-opened for this page.7
Donald Lines Jacobus, in The American Genealogist, vol. 15. The manuscripts rest on a diary of Zerviah Newcomb, who married Josiah Bearse, a grandson, said to have been written from personal knowledge. Jacobus wrote to the places that should have held it. None had the diary, or a copy. Until it can be examined, it cannot be cited. He found no evidence the Confidence passengers were deported criminals, and no evidence Augustine was sent to Barnstable as a prisoner.8
An essay in the NEHGS NEXUS said Jacobus was too sure that an English–Native marriage was almost unthinkable. That general point is right. It still does not produce the diary, or a seventeenth-century line that names this wife.11
Three maps, on purpose. The first is the crossing the list implies, with no log. The second is Cape Cod, with the town names. The third is a sketch of Barnstable’s two shores: the East Parish houselot in the record, and Mattachee, Cummaquid, and Hyannis as the legend uses them. Solid marks are record. Dashed marks are claim.
The port on the list. Not a proved birthplace.
Of London, 200 tons. April 1638. No portrait of her is used here.
A dashed line. There is no journal of this voyage on this page.
The list says the passengers were intended there. It does not name his first town.
With Lothrop’s first company. East Parish houselot.
Summer 1639, in the manuscripts. Not in the church book.
The ancestor, the wife the book does not name, the daughter the line goes through, the sachem who was real, and then — on a dashed card — the woman the manuscripts built a pedigree for. She is not in the tree.
Augustin Bearce on the 1638 list; Austin in the town
Glen’s line · FamilySearch KHDB-G1K
A Barnstable farmer who joined the church, served on the jury, surveyed highways, and held a rocky lot with named English neighbors. The famous part of his story was written three centuries after he died, by a man who needed an Indian lineage. The quiet part is the one this family actually descends through.
Admitted to the Barnstable church, 7 August 1650
No maiden name in that entry · not placed in the tree
She existed. There are children. The record refuses her a surname, and the best seventeenth-century line refuses her a given name. One compiler noticed a Mary Wilder on the same ship and wondered. That is a guess. The Hyanno story is a different guess. Neither goes into the descent.
Daughter of Augustine · married John Hamblen
Compiled Barnstable dates · not re-abstracted here
John is her husband, the way Thomas Duston is Hannah’s husband: necessary, and not a step you count. Abigail, their daughter, married her cousin Elkanah Hamblin, which is why the surname stays Hamblin. Elkanah is not the step either. Abigail is.
Sachem at Cummaquid, met in 1621
Also Iyanough, Ihyannough · the name behind Hyannis
He was young, and he was remembered as friendly, when Winslow’s party came to his village on the north side of the cape. Hyannis, on the south side, keeps a form of his name. A son John Hyanno, and a granddaughter Mary, are the legend’s people. If he died in the early 1620s, he was not alive to hand land to a bridegroom in 1639.
Little Dove, also spelled Hyano
A 1933–35 claim · not a 1650 church entry
She is the title of this page because she is the story people repeat. She is not Augustine’s proved wife. Putting her in the family tree would blur the only distinction that matters. The dashed border is the point.
Manuscripts, 1933 and 1935
Also spelled Bearse · Library of Congress
He is the reason a Cape Cod farmer acquired a princess in the family story. Jacobus did not claim to judge Bearce’s own, nearer ancestry. He judged the first three generations of this story, and he would not use a diary no one could show him.
Three panels. The record first. Then the legend, named as 1933–35. Then what is still worth keeping once the diary has failed to appear. Opening one does not edit the others.
In the spring of 1638 a list was drawn of people intended for New England in the Confidence of London, two hundred tons. The warrant is 11 April. The name that matters on it is Augustin Bearce, twenty years old, with the residence and the trade left blank. Most of the names around him are families. A large share of those families settled in Essex County, not on the cape. He is not described as a prisoner, a Gypsy, or anyone’s servant.1
Where he was born is not on the page. Age twenty is a birth about 1618, and that is as far as the list goes. Southampton is where the ship was cleared. A later researcher’s note puts him at Longstock, in Hampshire. Someone else, reading the Wilder family of Shiplake just above him, has pinned Shiplake to his line. Those are arguments about a blank column. They are not the column.2
The compiled town history takes him to Barnstable in 1639 with the first company of Lothrop’s church, newly come from Scituate onto land the English called by a Native name, Mattakeese, and then Barnstable. On 29 April 1643 he joined that church. The transcription says Austin Berce, and puts him at the head of the people who joined after the move. His wife — still unnamed — joined on 7 August 1650.3, 4
He was proposed for the freeman’s oath on 3 June 1652 and admitted on 3 May 1653. He sat on the grand jury in 1653 and in 1662. In 1674 he was surveyor of highways. The town called him Goodman, which is what it called a householder who was not styled gentleman. Jacobus thought that word, and those offices, were the opposite of a man shipped over in disgrace. They are, at least, the opposite of a man the record is ashamed of.4
The land, as Otis and Newcomb describe it, is ordinary and specific. Twelve acres of very rocky land in the westerly part of the East Parish, John Crocker on the west, the meadow on the north, Isaac Robinson on the east, the woods to the south. Six acres of meadow. Two thatch islands that kept the name Bearse’s Islands. About six acres in the Calves Pasture, which the town thought well of. Eight acres of planting land by Shoal Pond, later called Huckins’ Neck. Thirty acres at the Indian Pond lot, bounded east by the Herring River. The house stood on the north side of the road. A way from it toward Hyannis was still called Bearse’s Way when the nineteenth-century historians wrote.5
Newcomb has him particular about baptism, a child carried to the meetinghouse on the day of birth if that day was Sunday. That detail is town history, not a sentence re-copied from the church book for this page. It fits the man in the offices better than it fits a man who joined the church only for cover.6
Then the record goes quiet in the way many seventeenth-century lives go quiet. No marriage entry that names the woman. No death. No probate that Otis could find. He is living, in the compiled accounts, in 1686, and absent before 1697. This page will not invent the day.6
The child who reaches Glen is Sarah, born 28 March 1646 in that compiled record, married in August 1667 to John Hamblen, son of the immigrant James Hamblen. From their daughter Abigail the surname on this line is Hamblin, because Abigail married Elkanah Hamblin. The blood from Augustine runs through Sarah and Abigail, not through a princess and not through the husbands.10
In 1933, and again in 1935, Franklyn Ele-watum Bearce lodged manuscripts with the Library of Congress. The titles Jacobus was given are “Who Our Forefathers Really Were” and “From out of the past.” Both say that Austin Bearse married Mary Hyanno, a daughter of John Hyanno. Bearce presented himself as a Schaghticoke and Eastern Indian. The library told an inquirer it could not check the facts inside the manuscripts.7
The story those pages tell is much fuller than a church book. Augustine was Romany, the name had been Be Arce, and the English deported him on the Confidence for being what he was. At Barnstable no Puritan would marry a Gypsy, so in the summer of 1639 he married Mary, called Little Dove, at the Mattachee village, under Indian rites. She was the daughter of John Hyanno, sagamore there, and the granddaughter of the sachem whose name the English wrote Iyanough, and whom the manuscripts spell Highyannough and the like. Her grandfather gave the couple land by word of mouth. They held it three generations without a deed. He joined the church in 1650, in this telling, for protection. Some later copies add Gay Head ancestry on her mother’s side, and a Romany tribe name on his.7, 8
The manuscripts say they are not inventing this. They say they are copying a diary, “A True Chronicle of the Bearse Family,” kept by Zerviah Newcomb, wife of Josiah Bearse, a grandson of Augustine, and written from what she knew herself. A grandson’s wife is not a witness to 1639. Even so, a real diary would be something to read. Jacobus asked the institutions that should have had it. The answer he printed is that none of them had it, and the Library of Congress had the two Bearce manuscripts instead.8
In July 1935 the Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine printed a short account of Jacob Hamblin that included the Bearse claim as if it were settled. Jacob Hamblin is a famous missionary on a different Hamblin branch. The people on Glen’s line are not his descendants, but they are Hamblins of the same Cape Cod stock, and a church magazine was a powerful place to put a sentence. Many family group sheets still show Mary Hyanno, or Hyano, as Augustine’s wife for that reason. A 1935 paragraph is not a 1650 baptism.7
Jacobus published his report, with the client’s leave, in The American Genealogist for 1938–39. The article is cited as volume 15, pages 111–118, and sometimes 113–118. The journal itself was not opened for this page. The finding the reprints agree on is narrow and hard: the diary was never produced, the criminal-deportation story has no evidence, and the Indian pedigree of those first generations is not supported by the records he could check. He was not interested in scoring a point about Bearce’s nearer family. He was interested in Austin, Joseph, and Josiah, and in the wives assigned to them.8
The wife is unnamed. That is a fact about the evidence, and it is easy to lose because Mary is such a common patch. The 1650 admission does not call her Mary, and it does not call her anything else. Leaving the blank is more faithful than filling it with Hyanno or with Wilder.3
Iyannough was real. In 1621 the English from Plymouth went to Cummaquid and were received by a young sachem of that name. The south-shore harbor took a form of his name: Hyannis. A grave at Cummaquid has long been shown as his, and the usual account puts his death within a few years of that visit, well before the Confidence sailed. He is part of the cape’s history. He is not, on any record this page has, the grandfather of Augustine Bearse’s wife.9
English men and Native women did marry in colonial New England. It was uncommon in a Plymouth church town, and it was not impossible. A 1985 essay in the NEHGS NEXUS was right to say that Jacobus leaned too hard on “unthinkable.” Possibility is not a pedigree. A marriage can have happened in the world and still not be this marriage. What would make it this marriage is a contemporary line — a church entry, a deed, a court — or the diary, produced and read. Neither is in hand.11
So the salvage is plain. A man of about twenty came on the Confidence. He lived at Barnstable, joined the church in 1643, had a wife the book does not name, became a freeman, served the town, and held land in the East Parish with ordinary bounds. His daughter Sarah is the road to the Hamblins, and through them to Glen and to Todd. The Romany deportation, the name Be Arce, Mary Little Dove Hyanno, John Hyanno, the Mattachee rite, and the three generations without a deed are the manuscripts. They are labeled, and they stay on their side of the page.
Augustine Bearse is Todd Spencer Hopkinson’s 9th great-grandfather. Counted the other way, he is Glen’s 8th great-grandfather, and a 10th great-grandfather to Glen and Pam’s grandchildren. The line is Glen’s only, through Vivian Hamblin. It does not appear on Pam’s branch.
The count uses the same method as the Hannah Duston page: eleven steps up from Todd is a 9th great-grandparent. Oscar Hamblin and everyone after him are the same people checked on FamilySearch on 4 October 2026 for that page. Sarah, Abigail, Sylvanus, Barnabas, and Isaiah are the compiled Cape Cod line that joins Augustine to Isaiah. They were not re-opened in a signed-in relationship view for this page. Augustine’s FamilySearch ID is the one used here. Births and deaths before Oscar are compiled dates, and two of them disagree from pedigree to pedigree.
From Isaiah Hamblin and Daphne Haynes downward, this line and the Duston line are the same people. Daphne is how Hannah Duston reaches Glen. Isaiah is how Augustine does. They are husband and wife, not the same ancestry.
KHDB-G1K. Todd’s 9th great-grandfather. His wife is not a step, because she is unnamed, and Mary Hyanno is not filled in.KWVH-ZF7KWZ9-CMDKWCB-XZ7KWCL-WCMLFPX-DZ3KWH7-P9FMary Little Dove Hyanno, or Hyano — claimed in the 1933 and 1935 manuscripts as the daughter of John Hyanno and the granddaughter of Iyannough, and as Augustine’s wife by a Mattachee rite in 1639. The diary those manuscripts cite was never produced. She is not listed above, and she is not his proved wife. Iyannough himself stays a real sachem of Cummaquid, which is a different sentence.
No seventeenth-century manuscript was opened as a page image for this page. The passenger list, the church dates, the offices, and the land bounds are taken from published transcriptions and from the compiled Barnstable genealogies, as those are quoted and summarized in later careful accounts — especially Donald Lines Jacobus’s findings as they are reprinted, and the town-history tradition of Amos Otis and of John Bearss Newcomb. Where this page did not open the book, it says so. FamilySearch IDs from Oscar forward were checked 4 October 2026 on the Duston page. Augustine’s ID is KHDB-G1K. The Cape generations between Sarah and Isaiah were not re-checked in the relationship viewer.
Open a person at familysearch.org/tree/person/details/ followed by the ID. Living people’s records are private except to family signed in on the tree.
KHDB-G1KKWVH-ZF7KWZ9-CMDKWCB-XZ7KWCL-WCMLFPX-DZ3KWH7-P9FAlso on this site: family history · Hannah Duston · the Mayflower story · home.
Dates that compilers fight over, and the pieces of the legend that do not belong in the cards, live here.
The list is headed, in the Stevens transcript printed for genealogists, as passengers intended for New England in the good ship the Confidence of London, of 200 tons, and it cites the Lord Treasurer’s warrant of 11 April 1638. That transcript names the master John Jobson. Charles Edward Banks and others say John Gibson, and they date the departure from Southampton on 24 April 1638. Augustin Bearce, 20, is the name and age those transcriptions agree on. The original, often cited as Colonial Office 1/9 at the National Archives (UK), was not opened. There is no log of the voyage on this page, and no authentic portrait of this ship was found that could be shown without pretending. ↩
A blank residence is sometimes filled with Longstock, Hampshire (Banks), and sometimes with Shiplake, Oxfordshire, because Martha Wilder of Shiplake and her daughter Mary stand next to him on the list. WikiTree’s reading of a modern index even attaches Shiplake to his row. Neither home is his proved one. Southampton is the port of the list. Age 20 implies a birth about 1618 and nothing more specific. ↩
WikiTree, from the Barnstable church record: his wife joined 7 August 1650, unnamed. Compiled books from Otis forward often call her Mary and stop there. That given name is not treated here as the 1650 entry. A further guess — that she was Mary, daughter of Martha Wilder, a fellow passenger — is also only a guess, and it is a different guess from Hyanno. Neither wife is in the descent tree. ↩
Jacobus, as reprinted: came to Barnstable with the first company in 1639; member of Lothrop’s church 29 April 1643; first person named among those who joined after the removal from Scituate; proposed freeman 3 June 1652; admitted 3 May following, which is 3 May 1653; called Goodman; grand juror 1653 and 1662; surveyor of highways 1674. The “Austin Berce” spelling is WikiTree’s transcription report, not a letter re-read here. The manuscripts’ claim that he joined only in 1650, for protection, contradicts the 1643 date. ↩
Houselot and outlying pieces as in Newcomb (1871) and Otis: twelve rocky acres, westerly part of the East Parish; bounds John Crocker, the meadow, Isaac Robinson, the woods; six acres of meadow; Bearse’s Islands; Calves Pasture; Shoal Pond / Huckins’ Neck; thirty acres at the Indian Pond lot by the Herring River; house on the north side of the road; Bearse’s Way toward Hyannis. These are compiled descriptions of town grants and bounds. They are not a verbal cession by a sachem, and they were not re-copied from the proprietors’ book for this page. ↩
Otis: the record of his marriage, death, or estate settlement has not been discovered. Compiled death windows say living in 1686 and dead before 1697. Both ends of that window were not re-proved here, so the page says the death is not found. The same town histories say he had his children baptized on the Sunday of the birth or the next Sunday, and Newcomb names Joseph, born Sunday 25 January 1652, baptized the same day. That sentence was not checked against Lothrop’s manuscript. The compiled family is usually about eleven children. Only Sarah is followed. ↩
Franklyn Ele-watum Bearce, manuscripts of 1933 and 1935, Library of Congress, as described in the Jacobus inquiry and on WikiTree. He claimed Schaghticoke and Eastern Indian status. The manuscripts give Mary Hyanno (the Hyano spelling is common in family copies), daughter of John Hyanno, a Mattachee marriage in the summer of 1639, Romany blood, and a deportation. The July 1935 Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine article on Jacob Hamblin (vol. 26, pp. 99–100) repeated part of this as fact. That issue was not opened here. It is noted because it is a likely path into Latter-day Saint family records. ↩
Jacobus, The American Genealogist 15 (1938–39). The article was not opened. Reprints agree that he located the two Bearce manuscripts and no diary of Zerviah Newcomb Bearse called “A True Chronicle of the Bearse Family”; that a statement about wives who died in the seventeenth century cannot rest on a living person’s memory; that Augustine is an English Christian name and Austin a short form of it; that nothing shows the Confidence passengers were deported criminals; and that his church membership, the title Goodman, the freeman’s oath, and the juries are the record of a man in good standing. Until the diary is produced and read, the pedigree is not evidence. ↩
Iyannough (Iyanough, and other spellings) is the Cummaquid sachem of the 1621 visit in Mourt’s Relation, which was not re-opened here. He is described as young. The usual account is that he died within a few years, and that a grave at Cummaquid was identified as his. If that death holds, he could not convey land at a 1639 wedding. Hyannis is the later name of the south-shore harbor, formed from his name. Mattachee, Mattakeese, and similar spellings are real names for the Native village and the English place that became Barnstable. Using a real place-name for a wedding is not a record of the wedding. ↩
Sarah Bearse, 28 March 1646, Barnstable; married John Hamblen (son of James Hamblen and Anne), August 1667; their daughter Abigail, 24 April 1685–29 May 1733, married Elkanah Hamblin. Sylvanus, 20 July 1712; Barnabas (Barnabus), often 26 April 1747–10 May 1799, though one pedigree says Barnabas was born in 1739 and lets Sylvanus die much later than “before 1754.” Isaiah, 20 June 1790–7 October 1856, married Daphne Haynes. These Cape dates are compiled pedigrees, not a FamilySearch relationship check done for this page. Oscar through Todd match the Duston-page chain verified 4 October 2026. Spouses — the unnamed wife, John, Elkanah, Mary Bassett, Daphne — are not generations in the list. ↩
English–Native marriages are documented elsewhere in colonial New England and are not treated here as impossible. Good’s 1985 NEXUS essay, not opened, argues that Jacobus overstated the social bar. That objection limits Jacobus’s tone. It does not identify Augustine’s wife, and it does not make a missing diary into a source. The pedigree stays unsupported. ↩